Development and Initial Validation of the Trafficking and Human Exploitation Myths Identification Scale (THEMIS)

Author: Tejeiro, Ricardo; Paramio, Alberto & Ross-Collins, Scarlet

Abstract: Public understanding of human trafficking is often distorted by persistent myths, hindering victim identification and support. This study presents the development and validation of the first tool with robust psychometric properties designed to measure acceptance of such myths. A total of 421 adults (49.9% female) completed a 25-item questionnaire based on expert consultation and literature review, along with other trafficking knowledge measures; confirmatory factor analysis was then run with an additional 208 participants. The final scale (THEMIS) includes 12 items quantifying myth acceptance and 13 items exploring related aspects. Factor analysis, internal consistency, and validity checks confirmed strong psychometric properties. THEMIS provides a robust, evidence-based tool for research and targeted anti-trafficking interventions. This article supports progress toward United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 5.2 (aiming to eliminate violence against women and girls, including trafficking and exploitation), 8.7 (eradicating forced labor, modern slavery, and human trafficking, along with the prohibition of all forms of child labor) and 16.2 (ending all forms of violence and torture against children, including abuse, exploitation, and trafficking).

Keywords: human trafficking, trafficking myths, modern slavery, quantitative research, media influence, psychometric validation